“One can only make progress when you think big, it is only possible to move
forward when you look away” (Ortega y Gasset: La revolución de las masas)
“A clear signal of the love of the truth is not to keep any proposition with
greater security that ensures the evidence on which it is based” John Locke
In the last years of career together with my colleagues, we live enthusiastically
and cabals discoveries of Physics in the first half of 1960, we were fascinating,
talked much and made some predictions about its impact on the future of what until
then was considered as “hypothesis” and “truths” immovable. Without knowing it already
talked about antimatter and that the Universe had facts that demonstrate what we
thought (perhaps we were too bold for what we know). Rather than I was completed
studies continued performing with a great friend in summer nights that went until
dawn. All conversations are always was present that the Universe would be difficult
to meet, given the great distances and the years since that we receive the
signal or event and the moment on we are studying it, so supplementing our thinking
with other similar deductions and that had already been proven. Deny that physics,
philosophy and metaphysics had place in these conversations would be a lie, we were
looking for the “truth” and to not put any impediment, something that I made in
this small study, where only I have in mind the physical elements, tested and published
in scientific journals, some that I make deductions, which arise from the study
of the event , without taboos and knowing that in physics not everything is said,
is a long way in which existing theories are helping us to go, although I am aware
of the Universe know about 5%, well little given the magnitude that has hope that
the contributions that are made will allow us to delve into what until now unknown.
I have removed most of the references at the end, since by the subject matter
I thought it most appropriate to that part of the article to facilitate the task
to those coming to read, in my opinion.
1.
Introduction
Since the dawn of humanity, the Universe has been a big question, questions
that past years still have not found the answer, although with the new technologies
lately we have approached the reality, there are still controversies, theories that
want to give the answers to the questions that we cannot answer and others that
no theory has dared to reply : what is the Universe?, what is it that holds it?,
towards where it expands, and to where will do it?, whether closed or open, the
problem is the same. Questions that they remember much that the ancients were raised
and they created a young titan Atlas to sustain our planet. In the last decades
have greatly advanced the knowledge of the Universe, including your home, an example
is that until September 2011 the “Tatooine” planet with two Suns of the “Star Wars”
was a fiction of Georges Lucas film, in that month was discovered the system Kepler-16b
with two Suns in the milky way, finally detected 2165 systems of this type, in accordance
with published by researchers from the University of Florida in “Nature” magazine,
also scientists from the University of Heidelberg in “Science Express” confirm that
they were common in the early Universe, usually rotate with a centre of gravity
common, even found a planet orbiting around four Suns Neptune-type without be able
to explain the reason for the resistance to the gravitational attraction that is
submitted. Another step over it have given Dr Joan Vaccaro (Associate Professor)
of Griffith's Centre for Quantum Dynamics (Griffith University - Australia) with
what he called effect “violation” ("If it were not involved not we advance
in time and would be stuck in the Big Bang, so that this showing like leak from
Big Bang") in an article published in “SVi News” the
17 of August of 2016, that gives an explanation satisfactory
to solve the anomaly of physical conventional that produces this effect, giving
step with this to the origin of the laws of conservation, and what is important
of the evolution of the time in what called “Novel Theory on Moving Through Time"
This means that physical theories must be symmetric in time. To be symmetric in
time they would need to accommodate both directions of time and both meson behaviors.
This is the anomaly in physics that I am attempting to solve."Dr. Vaccaro is
presenting her work at the Soapbox Science event held in Brisbane as part of National
Science Week, titled "The meaning of time: why the Universe didn't stay put
at The Big Bang and how it is 'now' and no other time". Really it want to know
to know it since is our House, and us holds each day a new discovery that us surprise
and allow know it best, and perhaps someday answer to them questions made previously
and that even not have response. It say convinced of that us found before it more
wonderful that exists, but also to the more dangerous and unpredictable in many
of their events. Someone could imagine the "jump" of Jupiter, them asteroids
(would protective of it land?), or the cloud of Oort, the cliff of Kuiper, or them
fields magnetic described by Ed Stone (JPL) in the travel of the Voyager I and the
area of "sliding" prior to the output interstellar that
according to the NASA the 13 of September of
2013, the Voyager 1 is became in the first object created by the man in reach the
space interstellar, although previously Ed Stone scientific control of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory
– Institute of Technology of California - Center says that "since May
7 the impacts of cosmic rays have increased 5% a week and a nine per cent a
month... The latest data indicate that we are clearly in a new region in which things
change faster". Previously own JPL in the magazine "Astrophysics"
in 2007 was somewhat surprising area of turbulence "bubbles" magnetic,
something Ed Stoner described as "exciting. We are bringing us to the border
of the system Solar". Milestone, like many, that increasingly will know what
surrounds us, its history from the beginning, and possibly meet him it may happen
form approximate percentages next to 3σ. The
laws fundamental of the physical not distinguished between last and future, as holds
are Carrol, physical of the Institute technological of California (Caltech), the
time is as an arrow that always points to the future by some reason hidden. According
to Ludwig Boltzmann the cause could be linked with the increased spontaneous of
the disorder in the Universe, the entropy. But despite the attempt of Boltzmann,
still not know why the Big Bang began with a State so ordered and compact of energy
(the minimum disorder possible), and why from then all goes towards front in the
time and never to back. If the cause of that time that goes forward is elusive,
it is also that of the duration of a moment. With much accuracy can be measured?
They are a measure perfect and objective? He limit theoretical is in the time of
Planck (the time in that a photon runs the distance of Planck, that is to his time
it length minimum in which them effects quantum of it gravity begin to operate),
but actually not is knows: the response to this enigma seems be between the physical
and the philosophy. The mechanical quantum has allowed measure with precision one
of them moments more brief until the time, in concrete, scientific of the University
technical of Vienna, have measured the duration of a leap quantum, a phenomenon
that is thought that passed instantly makes ones years, but whose duration is has
established now on them five attoseconds, (an attoseconds is 10-18 seconds, a millisecond is 10-3 seconds), their findings have been published
in "Nature Physics" of the 5 December 2016. An element more, the technology
Pan-STARRS (Panoramic Survey Telescope& Rapid Response System) It has allowed
deep into the Universe and discover how amazing we can find, it's a project was
undertaken by an international collaboration including the Universities of Edinburgh
and Durham, and Queen’s University Belfast. It was supported by NASA and the National
Science Foundation. “This rapid, repeating survey has enabled us to discover very
rare events in which a massive black hole shreds a passing star, which otherwise
would have been impossible to spot. Releasing the data will now enable astronomers
round the world to study huge numbers of distant stars and galaxies in ways we can't
even guess." said Professor Andy Lawrence, of The Pan-STARRS the University’s
School of Physics and Astronomy (December 2016). We have many data pointing in this
direction, including the Werner Hofmann (director of the Max Planck Institute for
Nuclear Physics (Heidelberg-Germany)) http://spanish.peopledaily.com.cn/n3/2016/1128/c92121-9147847.html 11/28/2016
that "offers the space and time are not how Einstein believed it ... Am convinced
of that what we know of the space and the time has to be modified. If we'll find
out with the Cherenkov telescopes, that's the million-dollar question. Some theories
believe it possible, and others say that the effects will be very small and difficult
to detect. It is clear that it will not impact our ordinary life, but yes, of course,
would change much science. Already we know that at distances small, that are the
distances Planck, the theory of Einstein has certain modifications. The problem
is that we still don't know how to change the theory". What we see in all aspects
is essential in all the theories post Newtonian is that we always present the transformation
of Lorenzt which has a major role in what I'm going to expose.
2. Matter and Universe
From the inflation of the Big Bang know that the Universe is is cooling,
and the space and the time is expand, by them data that have it makes each time
to a speed more beyond of it planned in them theories, coming to go surpassing the
speed of the light, in what I have called "Singularity finite-infinite",
that goes in the address of it exposed by the award Nobel Adam Riess (Johns Hopkins
University-Baltimore (Maryland)) that is that the Universe accelerates "I think
that there is something in the standard cosmological model we do not understand
", said while giving the results carried out by him and other great physicists
in the 2016-05-17 arXvi.org (2.4%
Determination of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant). What I understand is that
we have to be open to what up to now was an immutable truth can cease to be on something,
remaining valid for the most part.
Knowing of nothing - is not the same as vacuum - the Universe has reached
the current size, leads us to think that nothing is that space-time is being developed.
But is nothing that holds it?, the space-time has not arrived there because there
is no Universe. Knowing of nothing - is not the same as vacuum - the Universe has
reached the current size, leads us to think that nothing is that space-time is being
developed. But is nothing that holds it?, the space-time has not arrived there because
there is no Universe. Others Universes not resolved it asks, always indicate that
all has that be within the space-time or dimensions that know, what reinforces the
"Singularity finite-infinite" because to the overcome the speed of the
light itself entered in another dimension, and there can see that there is a response.
In recent years with new technologies we have approached much knowledge of
what happened at the outset of the Universe, when there was as much matter as antimatter,
but still we cannot answer where antimatter is?, we are approaching, but arise more
enigmas that are held matter and antimatter?. In the "inflation" of the
Big Bang space and time expanded to higher speed of light, perhaps out there have
a clue where antimatter is located. In the project BASE of the CERN (compares protons
to antiprotons with high precision) task in which made 13,000 measurements during
35 days with the same precision, the spokesman and director of the research BASE
Stefan Ulmer said in the paper in "Nature" the
2 of September of 2015: "this is a theme important because
us helps to understand why live in a Universe that not has virtually no antimatter,
while the Big Bang must have led to the creation of both". Confirmed finding
the star that should not exist, possibly born shortly after the Big Bang, "the
star is so poor in metals which we could only detect the trace of an element heavier
than helium - calcium - in our first observations", according to Piercarlo
Bonifacio of the Observatory de Paris (31
August de2011), who was who led the project.
One of the latest theories has presented it in September 2015 the researcher
Laura Mersini-Houghton (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), who initially
published in the month of June 2015 in the journal Physics Letters B., where his
study concludes that it is mathematically impossible to the existence of black holes
in the Universe. Not is the only vision controversial, passing from which says that
all is an illusion in which us project, to which there are Universes parallel that
is interrelate us between itself. Perhaps more far arrive them researchers Mexican
Xavier Hernandez Doring, Sergio Mendoza Ramos and scientific of the Institute of
Astronomy of the University national autonomous of Mexico (UNAM) that proposed the
theory of gravitation extended to eliminate it matter and energy dark that never
is have seen or is has proven published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society in 2013 , Sergio Mendoza says it clearly: "about that there is no hidden
or dark fluid and instead proposed the theory of gravitation extended compatible
with the tenets of Newton and Einstein, but extending them with new observations
to predict the movement of massive objects as clusters of galaxies, spiral galaxies,
binary stars, spheroid and dwarf galaxies". It's nothing new, earlier investigations
made at the observatories in La Silla (La Serena) and Las Campanas (Atacama Region)
in Chile concluded that there is no evidence of the existence of the milky way dark
matter, as previously thought years ago, making doubt the existence of this type
of matier in the Universe. According to Moni-Bidin them results are solid but not
have a clear explanation, the next steps are repeat and confirm them results, extending
the measurement to others areas of the Galaxy, the scientific says that "is
need search models of matter dark that respect these results, and to the same time,
all them observations past. Or perhaps, search a new theory of the gravitation that
eliminates the need of matter dark to explain several phenomena". In the side
opposite have, between others many, the report published by Matt
Walker, researcher of the Center Harvard Smithsonian
for the Astrophysics in arXiv.org that adds, if fits, another dose of mystery
to the matter dark "after have finished our work know even less on the matter
dark of what knew before start". What I'm sure is that if there is something
how the dark matter, the stars of our Galaxy is dispersed without remedy. In 2012
astronomers of the University of Zurich, the University of Leicester and the Beijing
NAOC has found large amounts of dark matter around the Sun. Their results that are
published in the magazine Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society are
consistent with the theory of that via milk is surrounded of a halo of this elusive
substance. Reality leads us to the data provided by the probe WMAP (Wilkinson Microwave
Anisotropy Probe) that have been used to estimate the composition of the Universe
by deducting that only 4% of the Universe is ordinary matter - baryonic that forms
the visible-, while 23% is dark baryonic matter, and the
remaining 73% is dark energy. Those same data support
the inflationary theories which postulate that shortly after the Big Bang a very
rapid there was expansion of space and time, conforms to the theory of relativity,
but at the same time “exploding” matter and energy, including the dark that is appears
to have collapsed because the galaxies move in physical models theoretical and real,
because there are no shocks and the laws of gravity are working properly they act
as a counterweight to the gravitational force. The authors of the “paper at arXiv:
1204.2797” reported that “the observation of a line of ray in the flows of cosmic
rays would confirm dark matter”; two months more afternoon is detected matter and
energy dark beside the Sun, shortly after the telescope space Swift of the NASA
detected a hole unknown in the Via milk. Following to Moni-Bidin the physical Dragan
Hajdukovic, of the CERN, published in "Astrophysics and Space Science"
that the matter dark could be an illusion created by the interaction gravitational
between particles virtual of matter and antimatter in the space vacuum quantum,
that sea effervescent in that of form continuous appear and disappear particles
and antiparticles. Finally, in "dark energy and the fate of the Universe",
published in "China Science", researchers from the Institute of physics
theoretical of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, studied the pressure and the density
of dark energy, coming to the conclusion that when the cosmological constant is
W < -1, the density will grow infinitely, so their gravitational repulsion will
be so great that it will destroy the entire Universe the "Big Rip" , and
all as say the acronym RIP will rest in peace. In accordance with their calculations
would happen 35,000 million of years after the Big Bang, we are therefore 21.300
million of years, although before our Sun is converted in a giant red within 5.000
million of years and will disappear the system Solar.
To go against this, we have that the Royal Academy of Sciences, Sweden has
recognized that the Universe is accelerating its expansion by giving the Nobel Prize
in physics of 2011 Saul Perlmutter of USA, the Australian–USA Brian Schmidt and
Adam G. Riess also USA for "their discoveries on the acceleration of the expansion
of the Universe' through his observations of very distant supernovas. If continue
indefinitely them galaxies foreign to the super cluster of Virgo is move more beyond
of the horizon of events and not will be visible, because its speed radial-speed
of an object along the line visual of the observer-will be greater that the speed
of the light, possibly soon it will know already is known the speed to which is
away known as the Hubble constant and published in Astrophysical Journal is de74,
3 kilometers per second per mega parsec - 1megaParsec are 3.26 million years being
a year light 9,460728 × 1012 Km-,
know better the dark energy responsible for this expansion, through the "Dark
Energy Camera" located in Chile, where we started, the results are expected
to know within five years , and it is believed that they will go on the road of
the discovered by astronomers at the University of Zurich, the University of Leicester
and the NAOC in Beijing who have found large amounts of dark around the Sun matter,
results can be read in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
as I have written above. Do importance?, challenge theories about the development
of the Universe, and in my opinion one of the four forces, the gravitational and
the opposite, dark energy have influenced, influence and can influence the Universe,
solar system, our Galaxy, and of course in the future of the Earth. Is only a little
of what is happening, contradictions and theories that try to of fit is in what
have, possibly has arrived the time of that return to theories that can endorse
is with made in which reach although only is a sigma of probability, i.e. a level
of confidence of the 68.5%, would be desirable arrive to them two σ (95.5%).
Increasingly have more questions to where it expands, doing so, and to where
it will be?, what was the initial state of the Universe?, what's outside the boundaries
of the Universe?, are there any other "Universe"?, will be the Big Crunch
collapse, with a new Big Bang?, what would happen if the Big Rip?, even in our Solar
system when the Sun becomes a red giant will produce new systems or will become
a white dwarf is predicted how?... really Universe have problems with you, therefore
we can say that the Universe is a "quantum" chaos governed by laws established
in relativity. Duality that resulted in the last century in debates between Albert
Einstein "God not only plays dice with the Universe; but sometimes them throws
where not can see them", and Niels Bohr, responding "Einstein, let of
tell you to God what has that do", ending
Einstein when said: "it more incompressible of the reality is that is understandable",
on this duality it last that is can tell are the words of Stephen Hawking: "Einstein
was right saying that God doesn't play dice with the Universe. Considering the hypothesis
of black holes, God not only plays dice with the Universe: sometimes throws them
where we can't see them”, and that obey to them laws of the mechanical quantum,
e even, add, us can lead to another Universe and perhaps check where is located
the antimatter, giving it reason to them Prize Nobel of physical Yoichiro Nambu,
Makoto Kobayashi, Toshihide Maskawa, and to Nicola Cabibboque that also should have
been award-winning, to the confirm that after the Big Bang emerged an amount equal
of matter and antimatter. Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Princeton
Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) have developed a theory of waves of plasma where
it can be inferred these properties in greater detail that standard approaches,
new research, published July 29, 2016 (http://phys.org/news/2016-07-quantum-theory-einstein-special-relativity.html#jCp), analyzes the plasma that surrounds a press by the coupling of Einstein's
theory of relativity with quantum mechanics which describes the motion of the subatomic
particles, such as the nuclei atomic: ions and electrons in the plasma. Few days
before physicists at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) had found that
neutrinos behave with three quantum properties (i.e. everything, both), which can
be read in the magazine “Physical Review Letters” at the end of the month of July
2015. Neutrinos which already gave much to talk to go faster than the speed of light,
denied by the CERN saying that optical cable using the watches was wrong. The strange
effects quantum is extend hundreds of kilometers, the physical of the MIT found
that the distribution of flavors or attributes that differentiates to each one of
them six quarks (together with them leptons are them constituents fundamental of
the matter) that form neutrinos with them “flavors” (u (up), d (down), s (strange),
c (charme), b (bottom) and t (top) generated in Illinois) they compared them to
the detected in Minnesota and found that distributions can be more easily explained
by quantum phenomena: While the neutrinos accelerated between the reactor and the
detector, they were statistically more likely in a State of superposition, without
taste or defined identity. In July 2016 says David Kaiser Professor of history of
science and of physics at MIT “what is fascinating is that many of us tend to times
the quantum mechanics applied to small scales... But it turns out that we cannot
escape from quantum mechanics, even when we describe the processes that occur at
great distances. We cannot stop our quantum mechanical description even when things
stop into a State and enter another, We cannot stop our quantum mechanical description
even when things stop into a State and enter another, traveling hundreds of miles.
I think it's awesome”. Precisely according to the Swedish Academy, the winners of
the Nobel Prize in physics 2011 Saul Perlmutter, Brian P.Schmidt and Adam G. Riess
(already mentioned) was “for his work on the accelerated expansion of the Universe
through observations of distant supernovae”, it changed both what is known so far,
including the speed of light “c”, it wasn't anything exceptional in the “inflation”
(the space infinitely faster growth that the light) or the “finite-infinite singularity”
that will more fast that the light, that until knew that them by his work in common
had arrived to that discovery not be dared to publish it. This discovery us indicates
that the Universe never is again to collapse, to the contrary will continue to expanding
is by “the nothing” in where is detected the explosion (Big Bang) more fabulous
never view which gave place to the Universe in which live. We now know there is
“nothing” how has just demonstrated Christophe Galfard (The Universe in Your Hand.
A Journey through Space, Time and Beyond). Several events happened at that moment,
critical mass was, and is, the correct so that the Universe does not disappear back
to reduce, and is appropriate expands does and continues to grow, the force generated
became the key existing, nuclear, nuclear, weak strong, electromagnetic, and gravitational,
probably dark energy.
All of this poses to Physics problems solved by returning them to the metaphysics,
philosophy or theology, now must confront them and find what existed before the
inflation that caused the “Big Bang”, so far only know what happened 10-47 after its home, but not before, which raises
the physical problems that so far solved back into metaphysics, philosophy or theology,
now is has that face to them and find what existed before the inflation. We know
at that time there was a point of infinite density, where matter and antimatter
(energy and anti-energy) lived together that suddenly erupted to expand at an unimaginable
speed. At that time, there was a point of infinite density, where matter and antimatter
(energy and anti-energy) lived together that suddenly erupted to expand at an unimaginable
speed. Obviously all the (antimatter) anti-energy“ passed” to another dimension
where developed a process similar to that suffered material and thus arose the shedding,
which did not have the same formation process that we know.
3. On the edge of the Universe
Space probes with their telescopes, the new observations from the ground
with the latest technology, we are giving every day astonishing news of what surrounds
us, of the Universe, we know that it is accelerating - how have showed Saul Perlmutter,
Brian Schmidt, Adam G. Riess 2011 Nobel Prize - foreign galaxies to the Virgo super
cluster are about to achieve radial speed - speed of a particle along the visual
line of the observer-superior to light and will to disappear from our sight, following
his trip to which I have called the uniqueness or Paradox of the “finite-Infinity”,
which goes beyond the Olbers paradox that receives the name of the physicist and
German astronomer Wilhelm Olbers, who scribed the paradox in the 1820. It explained
that the distance of the stars and their displacement to red was what provided a
dark sky, rather than brilliant how it was to be expected. In this way the Australian
mathematicians Jim Hill and Barry Cox writes in “The Proceedings of the Royal Society
A”, proposed two transformations between inertial systems that apply to the relative
speeds greater than the speed of light, and that are complementary to the transformation
of Lorentz to “In this highly controversial topic, our particular purpose is not
to enter into the merits of existing theories, but rather to present a succinct
and carefully reasoned account of a new aspect of Einstein’s theory of special relativity,
which allows for faster than light motion properly”, what is happening at the end
of the Virgo super cluster.
It explained that the distance of the stars and its redshift was what provided
a dark sky, rather than brilliant how it was to be expected. In this way the Australian
mathematicians Jim Hill and Barry Cox writes in “The Proceedings of the Royal Society
A.”, they propose two transformations between inertial systems that apply to the
relative speeds greater than the speed of light, and that they are complementary
to the factor of Lorentz, which as I have just said is happening at the end of the
Virgo super cluster. This leads to ask current physical theories are completely
valid?, it's time to remember what was written by Karl Popper “the game of science
has no end. One that decides a day that the hypothesis scientific not need any test
more and that can be admitted as definitely verified, that is remove of the game”.
The data that have confirm that the Universe has a geometry flat, would really
it is?, deducing is that is will expand of way indefinite, that eliminates them
two theories of the “Big Crunch, and of the Big RIP”. With that answer the questions
will come the Big Crunch collapse, with a new Big Bang?, what would happen if the
Big Rip?, all said that in the same way as how cosmic background radiation - discovered
by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilsonen 1964, in the Bell Telephone Laboratory and confirmed
in 2001 by the anisotropies of the cosmic background radiation that was detected
with the COBE (Cosmic Background Explorer) satellite - still can be find in the
Universe, if had dreaded place the Big Crunch would be some indication, given the
tracking to which is subjecting the Universe safe that had appeared something. Now
already is can tell that is a reality, how said the reviled by many in Spain the
physical Julio Palacios “Relativity, a new theory” where part of a new equations
in which considers the Universe three-dimensional (still considering “c” constant),
the reference to this Spanish physicist appears in the recent work of Mueller and
Kneckebrodt, 95 years of criticism of the Special Theory of Relativity (1908-2003);
The G.O. Mueller Research Project (GOMProject Relativity), Germany, May 2006. Recently
Published 27 January 2017 in Physical Review Letters 118,041301 (2017) - From Planck
Data to Planck Era: Observational Tests of Holographic Cosmology: They claim to
have found the first proof that the Universe is a hologram It remains to be three-dimensional,
(http://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.04130).
The immediate question, towards where it expands, doing so, and to where
it will do it?, the “finite-infinite” paradox gives a possible and plausible answer,
yet we are the same. What happened shortly after the start, it was decided to saying
that it was an infinitely small “singularity” of infinite density, followed by the
expansion of space-time itself, because we said that also of matter and energy.
We can now be before another finite-infinite “singularity”, time, space, matter,
energy, and dimension, where theories are, only the quantum has answers to part
of the situation, much more knowing what has just published the journal “Science”,
where two different papers conclude that the simultaneity of the two States of light
is possible and real. So the new theories would not serve, de-facto there is no
any evidence with a high degree of reliability and consistent to take them into
account. The data that sent us special probes, jointly with which are obtained on
Earth acidic us every day news, some contradictory on this subject still many questions
there is where to expand?, there are other dimensions in the Universe?, take account
of Popper is it not that the Lorentz factor is not?, is that then if the speed of
light it could overcome, and the facts tell us that it is possible, and would if
you can go faster than light? We have seen that, and it applied the words of Eleanor
Roosevelt “the future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams”.
Giving a surprising twist, but according to the theory of Karl Popper which
I cited above, the Australian mathematicians Jim Hill and Barry Cox proposed in
“The Proceedings of the Royal Society A” two transformations between inertial systems
that apply to the relative speeds greater than the speed of light, and that are
complementary to the Lorentz factor as I said that it is what is happening. In quantum
mechanics, due to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, an electron cannot be never
at rest has always had a non-zero kinetic energy.
4.
Asymmetrical Universe?
Recall that under the sign of the symmetry and beauty was granted in 2008
the Nobel Prize in physics theoreticians of particles, Yoichiro Nambu, Makoto Kobayashi
and Toshihide Maskawa, there still a question and disturbing shadow of an omission,
because that should have been awarded also Nicola Cabibbo physical Italian which
is attributed part of parenthood. The physics-theory explain that after the Big
Bang came about an equal amount of matter and antimatter without to know today where
it is or what happened with most of the antimatter?, what is one of the greatest
enigmas in physics and the Universe we know. Data from experiments conducted in
the USA have confirmed that the elementary particles of antimatter decompose more
quickly than its analogues of matter, this decay rate can only explain the asymmetry
of a part of matter and antimatter in the Universe. True we're seeing that the Universe
as it was thought that it was questioned, and even speaks of a new force in an article
published in “arXiv.org” by Alberto Vecchiato and Mario Gai, the Astrophysical Observatory of Turin
that proposing a new cosmological model that includes among other forces
of nature the antigravity, and joining others who deny
the matter and dark energy calling into question the “inflation” that occurred after
the Big Bang.
Antimatter is relatively little: mainly is observed in the accelerators of
the particles elementary, during them reactions nuclear and in them rays cosmic,
then would where is the antimatter?. In the experiment “DZero” of the Tevatron Collider
(Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab USA)), has found it evidence of
a violation of this symmetry that even exceeds with much it predicted by the model
standard of it physical of particles, when contain quarks bottom, not lack who it
attributed to it different speed of decomposition of the matter and the antimatter
that the last study shows a 1% of difference between the production of pairs of
muons and pairs of antimuones in the disintegration of Mesons B, compounds of an
antiquark Fund (data) and a quark above (B), the particles elementary that generate
antineutrons and neutrons, know that the matter is identical to the antimatter,
even quantum, and with them leptons that produce electrons gave place to the first
hydrogen of the Universe (neutron and electron), the anti mounds and anti leptons
produce anti hydrogen (antiproton or neutron with load negative and positron or
electron with load positive). Know therefore how is composed the antimatter although
all these digressions continue without answer to the question that already did before
would what has happened or where is it antimatter primary?, that not is trivial
and is achieving that is issues many theories that is believed immovable a Know
therefore how is composed the antimatter although all these digressions continue
without answer to the question that already did before would what has happened or
where is is it antimatter primary?, that not is trivial and is achieving that is
issues many theories that is believed immovable and returns to think is that the
factor of Lorentz is more important of it thought , that could open the way to the
questions that remain unanswered: what holds the Universe?, or put another way what
is where you pop up and nothing by where we expand?. And returns to think is that
the factor of Lorentz is more important of it thought , that could open the way
to the questions that remain unanswered: what holds the Universe?, or put another
way what is where you pop up and nothing by where we expand?.
5. Antimatter, matter and another
dimension.
In them moments initial that know of the Big Bang know that existed so much
matter how antimatter, during the great Explosion is produced what know how “inflation”
happened two phenomena, one led to the Universe asymmetric that today know in where
emerged the bosom of Higgs and subsequently, confirmed in August 2015 it appearance
of the Plasma of gluons and Quarks (GQP) both in accordance with the laws of it
mechanical quantum. Until now all it clarified the theory of the relativity that
the great Einstein promulgated in 1905, what is is discovering returns to prove
that something has that tell the theory quantum. The second is the “disappearance”
of the antimatter, that against what some thought that was little lasting, in the
same month of August of 2015 scientific of the CERN publishing that the matter and
antimatter are perfect mirror images”, they have a behavior similar, where is?.
Following August 2015 as fruitful month in the Conference organized by KTH
Royal Institute of Technology (Sweden) Stephen Hawking in his speech said the black
holes to keep the information, confirming the laws of quantum mechanics which indicate
that the information of the Universe should never disappear, becomes further assert
that it is possible that the black holes lead to another Universe , whose existence
the teachers Howard Wiseman and Michael Hall of Griffith University (Australia)
and Dirk-André Deckert, California University publishing in the magazine Physical
Review X, and that instead of evolve of form independent these worlds near is influence
between itself by a subtle force of repulsion. Without sharing this theory, also
detects that the speed of light is exceeded at the beginning, how now in the “singularity
finite-infinite” is exceeded, how detected studies that indicate that the Universe
is accelerating its expansion, which the Royal Academy of Sciences of Sweden has
recognized (how already said) the Nobel Prize in physics of 2011 giving Saul Perlmutter
of USA , to the British Brian Schmidt, and to Adam G. Riess also of used by “their
discoveries on the acceleration of the expansion of the Universe through his observations
of supernovae very distant”. If the acceleration continues indefinitely, the result
end will be that the galaxies foreign to the super cluster of Virgo is moved more
beyond of the horizon of events and not will be visible, because their speed radial,
how already have seen, will be greater that the speed of the light. Also Nitro Star
that roam the space have been detected, some astrophysicists have suggested that
in principle, these Astros could move at a rate greater, even faster than light,
which leads us to the Hubble constant that is calculated by observing the rapidity
with which the galaxies in the local Universe move away from the milky way , that
studied the team of Riess published in arXiv the 6 of April of 2016, write that studied and measured the constant with a uncertainty
less than the 2.4% (lower in 0.9% to it made previously), and checked that the speed
of expansion in it observed was a 8% more fast that it planned, or what is it same
the Universe is expands more quickly of what is thought which led him to say to
Riess and his team that the standard model has to change, how we had seen earlier,
with a possibility that dark energy is strengthened as it passes the time, elementary
particles of dark matter have therefore properties other than which they attach
to them.
Would of it previous that confirms them laws of it mechanical quantum, can
deduct is that are false it theory of the relativity and the Newtonian?, not is
certain, both are valid if not consider that the speed of the light is a limit and
is can overcome, what already is could deduct to the, check that the equations of
Maxwell of the electromagnetism and them of Einstein , and in both is is the factor
of Lorentz that us indicates that probably (quantum) there is another dimension
to the overcome the speed of the light and according it “function of wave quantum”
formulated by Von Neuman, and with the “entanglement quantum” would is there it
antimatter and the Universe would be symmetrical?. All is confirms also to the have
in has to researchers of the University of Western Australia (UWA) that have analyzed
the light that us arrives of galaxies distant check that currently the Universe
is two times less energy that makes two thousand million of years, each minute that
passes the expansion of the Universe is more fast (confirming it written previously);
The principle of thermodynamics that energy is created or destroyed is not met?,
I think that Yes and that this loss of energy it has to do with black holes and
possibly step to another Universe that says Stephen Hawking. Appears the factor
of Lorentz, we know that in the limit energy is infinite - according to the theory
of relativity mass is infinite - which leads me again to consider the finite-infinite
singularity, that which has the initial singularity or inflation a continuation,
introduces us to a new field, the next step when the speed is greater than that
of light, i.e. the mass is in motion, and the factor of is converted in a number
complex.
David Reitze Director of the experiment LIGO
(Observatory of interferometry laser of waves gravitational) announced “ladies and
gentlemen, we have detected waves gravitational... The signal, detected the
12 of September, comes from two holes black on rotation deforming
the space-time. They have about 30 solar masses and are light to 1,300 million years...
Come from the cloud of Magellan, a Galaxy Satellite of the Via milk... Think in
something of some 150 km of diameter, with a mass 30 times of the Sun, and accelerate
it to the half of the speed of the light. Now think of another object that is 35
times the mass of the Sun and speed it up to half the speed of light, and then make
them collide, this is what we saw here. It's amazing!”, in addition to the
signal sound is attracted. Then Kip Thorne (co-founder of LIGO) confirmed: “was
exactly as predicted Einstein”. The waves that should his name because “transmit”
it energy or force gravitational when two objects collide between itself and that
is moving to the speed of it light how Albert Einstein predicted its existence make
100 years (by that the ad of it discovered the
12 of September of 2015 is made the Thursday 11 of February
de2016) day in which formulated it “theory general of it relativity”, as a result
of the findings to some leading theory: matter distorts space-time, called how the
curvature of space-time in the Universe. So far it had detected transmitting light
and the electromagnetic described by Maxwell, up to here everything normal Maxwell's
wave theory not explained all the known properties of the light, but when Albert
Einstein, against their quantum ideas, which never admitted, said that some form
of “what light” should accept to explain the thermal equilibrium observed between
matter and electromagnetic radiation, what you earned the prize Nobel of Physics
in 1921. It would be two years more later when Arthur Compton (Nobel Prize in 1927)
proved that it behaved in a quantum way and called a photon.
Today we have the same problem, gravitational waves as previously thought
according to the theory of relativity should be continuous, we know that it is not
like this, the graviton, but with mass, behave how the photons of light, are both
at the same time (quantum theory), and move in the space “how balls or balls” depending
on its strength or energy (“weight and strength”) on what fall “sinks” the Universe
on that site and shortens distances. A “rude” example that can explain it, is how
if on an extended sheet and floating launch balls, sink the sheet and does bring
the ends) there have the curvature of the space - time that produces matter how
100 years ago said Einstein, where follows, among others, that gravitational waves
are very different in the light. Kip Thorne believes they will bring many surprises
about the Universe, in fact new research fields, opens up to now what we knew of
the Universe, about 5% was due to light, in the future when we move more in gravitational
wave detection technology it will be possible to see the Universe through the gravity.
This work involved 1.004 authors according to the study published in the Physical
Review Letters, to continue the research joins them the Virgo Italian Observatory
located near Pisa that works since 2007 for the same purpose.
On the other hand this discovery opens up fundamental physics paths to confirm
that there is a two-way connection between the theories of relativity and quantum
relationship that Kip Thorne, always cautious, said that this discovery not approached
them, which never admitted Einstein, we his famous debates with Niels Bohr - although
if he admitted what he called “the light” today photon - and their opposition to
the quantum entanglement introduced by Erwin Schrödinger in 1935 which contradicted
with the call “Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen Paradox” (cannot photon if it is continuous
wave), now we know that there is this paradox and that continuous wave with photon
quantum discontinuity is compatible and that may even be both at the same time.
Gravitational waves are abundant in the Universe, come from the shock of
black holes, how has been detected, but explosions have also been observed or shock
binary stars neutrons systems, supernovae (star bangs)..., with a power of billions
of atomic bombs, that power is which allowed that LIGO detects them and hear even
when they happened to do 1.300 million light years.
The discovery of 12 September 2015 confirms what is said in August about
black holes Stephan Hawkins in the Conference at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology
(Sweden), where said that they keep the information, confirming the laws of quantum
mechanics which indicate that the information of the Universe should never disappear,
and arrives to say that a black hole can be communication between two universes
is possible for me our matter and antimatter existing in the other Universe, both
were formed at the time of the Big Bang in which both exist, theory that among others
relies on published by scientists at CERN in the same month of August where affirm
that matter and antimatter are the same as is already said. It is likely that does
not fall, what leads us to another question what's outside the boundaries of the
Universe?. And the hypothesis of modern cosmology, based on a growing number of
observations evidence says that in sufficiently large spatial scales, the Universe
is homogeneous and isotropic, the “large enough” term refers to scales of the order
of hundreds of mega parsecs (approximately 3.262.000 years light) seen what are
discovering perhaps does not comply.
6. Overview.
The Universe gives us and will continue giving us headaches, obviously is
asymmetrical in what we know, and I think that what we know and we are seeing not
denies us nothing and will remain so. I now speak as a whole which includes how
we will later see all the matter-antimatter that already existed before the Big
Bang.
6.1. In the beginning.
One thing is clear from many years ago, just before the Big Bang, in an infinitesimal
point matter and antimatter lived together, we know that 10-47 seconds later there was the “the great event”
that led us to what is known as “inflation”, which is to say that the Universe underwent
a brutally violent expansion with an exponential acceleration from 10-36 to 10-32 seconds. In this great burst of produced several
facts: Speed beat of the light, which tells us that “Nothing” opened another dimension.
Antimatter has not disappeared; a large force had to move it so that matter and
antimatter not be “disappeared” to the clash. So it's the same so that we know in the other dimension appeared, what
to follow with the same name, the fundamental anti- forces that generated the first
initial elements of the antimatter and did what I call “Anti-Universe”, each one
followed form in its dimension and not necessarily in the same way, what it is very
attractive as it could be the explanation of where the antimatter, which the CERN
exists in the same amount and is a reflection of matter.
6.2 Are there limits in the expansion?.
Jumping billions of years we are sensing that the end of the known Universe
is accelerating, there is what I have called “Singularity finite-infinite” in several
articles (we know where we are, but it is unpredictable to today to know where will
arrive).This acceleration can be explained also know that energy at that point decreases
and not converted into matter. Yes how I think conservation law is fulfilled “energy
neither creates nor destroys only undergoes transformations” means that that energy
-mass happens to another dimension which?, if we understand that the Universe behaves
as quantum and relative, we can apply what he said Stephen Hawking pass to another
Universe, which I've called “Anti-Universe”, with which caustic can pass information
, remember that it has just been published that Australian and Chinese scientists
has taken a great step to sending information by “teleportation” 20 kilometers of
distance information between element by the quantum entanglement. Which leads us
to say that the “Singularity finite - infinite it is possible and that continues
to be a quantum element more that we are in the Universe as a whole “known and unknown
Anti-Universe”.
6-3 The unknown.
By all calculations made by different methods we can conclude that the Universe
as is contemplated so far only we know less of 5%, the rest we have to investigate.
If add it treated here, “Anti-Universe ”included, our knowledge is reduces a lot,
what not implies that the theories that are incorrect, to the contrary see that
each step of knowledge that is reinforces and by there must follow.
We already know what existing nothing before the Big Bang and through which
expands the Universe (in which “we lived” and that inhabits the antimatter) that
according to what was said by the CERN on equality of matter and anti matter exists
in the shedding, the same nothing that are expanding the two universes and what
are due to the “singularity” finite - infinite We suppose that just is what is it
that holds it, of course “the nothing is not “Atlas” holding “Gea” our blue Planet.
Physics has now new challenges that we have to go by addressing and will give us
light on this beautiful Universe that has been able to generate a life like ours.
7. Conclusions.
The laws of relativity are valid, with the exception of the case in which
the speed of light is exceeded, as we have seen, and will later give a plausible
theory. This fact has allowed us to know that there is another dimension, which
explains because after the Big Bang almost only was matter in the known Universe.
The “Anti-Matter” not could “evaporate or disappearing”, to the contrary by them
conclusions of them studies of the CERN is could check that the matter and the antimatter
are two images reflected perfectly in a mirror, what leads to think that if in the
“inflation” is overcame it speed “c” of the light that antimatter step to it another
dimension and there is developed creating antimatter that built what called “Anti-Universe”
that in no case has that be such to the in live us.
Confirming the importance that is taking the mechanical quantum in the vision
of the Universe David Kaiseren in July 2016 (Professor of history of the science
and of physical in the MIT) says “what is fascinating is that many of us tend to
think in the mechanical quantum applied to scales small... But is that not can escape
from the mechanical quantum, even when describe the processes that happen to large
distances. We cannot stop our description of quantum mechanics even when things
stop into a State and enter another, traveling hundreds of miles. I think it's awesome.”
One further step is what Alexander Szameit (University of Jena) says that the team
to which it belongs “first demonstrated in an experiment that the concept of teleportation
not only persists in the world of quantum particles, but also in our classical world”,
perhaps he already sensed it and that Einstein called “spooky reaction distance”
to the phenomenon that allows photons ”talk” to one another instantly regardless
of the distance to which are.
The existence of quantum in the Universe phenomena found with birefringence
or double refraction (optical property that consists of unfolding a ray of light
into two linearly polarized rays perpendicular among themselves), which has been
observed with the VLT (Very Large Telescope) that (Paranal (Chile) Observatory)
neutrons RX J1856.5-3754, some 400 years star light by the team led by Roberto Mignani
INAF Milano (Italy) and the University of Zielona Góra (Poland). He phenomenon of
teleportation of the information has been carried out with success by scientific
Chinese and Australian that teletrasportaron information to kilometers of distance
(by the entanglement quantum, the record of these experiments is in 415 kilometers),
what comes to confirm the communication quantum in them holes black already such
by Stephan Hawkins.
Without hesitation we can say that the two theories found in the 20th century
and which have allowed progress however we thought, are complementary to explain
what happens in our Universe, something they already thought great theorists of
the last century, and did not exclude Einstein as much to his regret, and his genius
he knew that quantum theory could be not be forgotten and reduced only to “small”.
The knowledge that have us allow affirm that the only form of explain the Universe
is taking in has them theories of the relativity and quantum knowing that any of
them two us can give them answers to all what the Universe us holds, and much less
to what have seen of what can consider the “Anti-Universe” or Universe in which
is the antimatter, and by what think is can communicate unless quantum exchanging
information and states, being perhaps, of time by them holes black by where can
do it, without discard that has others possibilities given the existence of speeds
superior to it of the light in different places of the Universe raises also problems
to it physical, is that in those moments of overcoming of “c” appears a new dimension
that US leads to think that is can “pass to another place” in my opinion, the place
is the “Anti-Universe” formed by antimatter, since it exists in the same equality
that matter as demonstrated by CERN in their tests.
Is it possible to speak of “doors to another Universe”?, I think yes and
one of them is if hesitation as I leave black holes suggests Stephan Hawking, although
he admits how a possibility that is one of the paths that lead to another dimension
or what I have named “Anti-Universe”, others those which are in galaxies that exceed
the speed of light. In a step more to complete them “defects” of the theory of the
relativity and how How writes Werner Hofmann:”offers the space and time are not
how Einstein believed it” (Heidelberg, Germany 28/11/2016 http://spanish.peopledaily.com.cn/n3/2016/1128/c92121-9147847.html),
confirming what Louis Essen considered that very few dare to question the theory
of relativity by the prestige achieved by Einstein, most assume how correct and
the only reason gives Essen is because
most physicists accept it. Is another of them physical that seeing them benefits
of it theory of the relativity of Einstein checks that contains errors and of which
very few is dare talk, its critical leaves glimpse that one of them errors is consider
the speed of it light “c” constant, giving you the reason them made happened and
that are happening in the Universe how have seen more up. Not can forget “the game
of the science does not have end. That decide a day that the hypothesis scientific
not need any test more and that can be admitted as definitely verified, that is
remove of the game” (Karl Popper: The Logic of Scientific Discovery), that is which
us allows advance.
7.1 Early’s.
Half a attosegundo, when the
Big Bang occurred and possibly the most fantastic explosion that took the Universe,
existed both energy how the anti-energy (by the formula e=mc2) matter
and antimatter occurred on inflation, what is important to note since they have
conditioned the future of the “universal home” in which we live. First exceeded
the “c” speed of light which allowed that antimatter could go to another space-time
(had to exist one force greater than the attraction matter anti-matter), otherwise
it would have destroyed everything, we very well know when the two meet. I think
also to expand by “the nothing” appeared the energy and dark matter, something similar
occurred in the space-time of antimatter or Anti-Universe?. The future will say
it, although I think that the development has been different and we cannot speak
of parallel universes, which I think is there from the inflation and that as I said
more top according to CERN there is so much matter how antimatter, and therefore
it is very possible to expand how we live. They are not far apart, since it is possible
to transmit quantum information, and possibly one of the doors of communication
between them. Perhaps each one a half together forming the complete Orange, and
that is the real Universe.
7.2 Singularity finite-infinite.
It is important that “nothing” exists as Christophe Galfard explains, and
that at the beginning of the paper, its existence I give for granted, knowing it
will allow us to get to know what there was before inflation. How has been said
what is happening at the edge of the Universe that we know there also have seen
that surpasses the “c” speed of light, according to information reaching us and
together with the accelerated expansion allows us to assure that the Universe is
not going to collapse and will continue to expand. Also appear another dimension
we find the Anti-Universe, which would explain something cooling detected?. We return
to find that the expansion continues for “nothing” and not feed data that come to
stop, rather will continue moving forward in “nothing”.
Something similar has to be happening in the Anti-Universe, and is likely
that there is Exchange of information and matter, what I can't tell is how and purpose
has, since we don't have data and they would only be speculations that are outside
of physics. Of course, that it opens a new mystery that will be necessary to study,
because it may tell us the future of the full Universe and perhaps the issue is
still pending detection in some cases loss of energy, which contradicts the principle
of Thermodynamics of energy conservation, could have an explanation by the exchange
between both “Universes”.
7.3 Relativity and quantum.
David Reitze announcing the discovery of gravitational waves detected on
12 September and announced on the 11 February 2016, not
be foresaw to say that not only were continuous, if not also quantum, but I leave
it to glimpse or at least not ruled out the possibility that I would be on the line
that I again repeat says David Kaiseren in July 2016 (Professor of history of science
and physics at MIT) “what is fascinating It is that many of us tend to think of
quantum mechanics applied to small scales... But it turns out that we cannot escape
from quantum mechanics, even when we describe the processes that occur at great
distances. We cannot stop our description of quantum mechanics even when things
stop into a State and enter another, traveling hundreds of miles. I think it's awesome”.
They are a small example of what now is happening, we know that the universe not
be explained only with the theory of special relativity of genius Albert Einstein.
7.4 Final.
I wish to conclude with something that from a very young age I knew that
everything that can be mathematically demonstrated it is possible to prove otherwise,
which would add written by Albert Einstein “knowledge is about the experience. Everything
else is only information”, which is complementary to the aforementioned Karl Popper
“the history of science, as the all human ideas, is a history of irresponsible dreams,
territory and errors. However, science is one of the few human activities, perhaps
the only one, in which errors are systematically criticized and often, eventually,
corrected”.
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